Chapter 27: Two Domains of Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea
The domain of prokaryotes is a fundamental group of microorganisms that have been on Earth for over 3.5 billion years. These ancient organisms have evolved into two distinct domains: Bacteria and Archaea. Although they share some similarities, they also have distinct differences in their cellular structure, metabolism, and genetic makeup. Understanding the differences between these two domains is crucial for grasping the complexity of life on Earth.
The discovery of Archaea in the 1970s revolutionized the field of microbiology, as it revealed a new domain of microorganisms that were previously unknown. These microorganisms thrive in extreme environments, such as hot springs, salt lakes, and deep-sea vents. In contrast, Bacteria are more diverse and can be found in almost every environment on Earth. They play a vital role in ecosystems, decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and influencing the climate.
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